Permanent waving apparatus



Aug. 18, 1936. H. N. DURHAM ET AL 2,051,689

PERMANENT WAVING APPARATUS Filed April 23, 1936 2 SheetsSheet 1 INVENTORS V- Our/7am. 6- B- F/hnegan J}? Aug. 18, 1936. H. N. DURHAM El AL PERMANENT WAVING APPARATUS 7 Filed April 25, 1936 2 Sheets- Sheet 2 'IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII:

lNVENTORS H. N. Durham. 6. B.

: BY Fmneg'an J71 TTORNEYS Patented Aug. 18, 1936 PERMANENT WAVING APPARATUS Hobart N. Durham, Munsey Park, N. Y., and George B. Finnegan, Jr., Mountain Lakes, N. J

assignors to Eugene,

Ltd., New York, N. Y., a

corporation of New York Application April 23,

1936, Serial No. 75,904

In Great Britain October 6, 1934 4 Claims.

The present invention relates to permanent waving and more particularly to novel and improved means for subjecting a wound tress of hair to heat, moisture and other agents to effect permanent waving thereof.

Objects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part hereinafter and in part will be obvious herefrom, or may be learned by practice with the invention, the same being realized and attained by means of the instrumentalities and combinations pointed out in theappended claims.

The invention consists in the novel parts, constructions, arrangements, combinations and improvements herein shown and described.

The accompanying drawings, referred to herein and constituting a part hereof, illustrate one embodiment of the invention, and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention.

Of the drawings:

Fig. 1 is a cross section illustrating an embodiment of the present invention and also showing a manner in which the present invention can be used;

Fig. 2 is a side elevation of the embodimen shown in Fig. 1; I

Fig. 3 is an end elevation of the embodimen shown in Fig. '2, with certain parts moved to different positions; and'other parts being omitted;

Fig. 4. is a perspective view of a heating and lotion-carrying pad for use in practicing the present invention, with certain parts broken away;

Fig. 5 is a perspective, with parts broken away, of a modified form of the invention;

Fig. 6 is a section taken on line 6 6 of Fig; 5; Fig. 7 is a section taken on line of Fig. 5; Fig. 8 is a perspective of a second modified form; i

Fig. 9 isa section on line 9- 9 of Fig. 8; and Fig. 10 is a section showing the heating pad of Fig. 8 applied to a curl on a curler, the view of O the heating pad being a section on line III-I0 of Fig. 8.

This application is in part a continuation of our co-pending application Ser. No. 676,788, filed June 21, 1933, as tosubject matter originally disclosed but not now claimed therein, and in addition contains new subject matter constituting improvements in embodiments of the invention as originally disclosed.

The present invention has for its object the provision of a novel and improved heating device for heating wound tresses of hair in the permanent waving process. Another object of the invention is the provision of such a device in which the heater elements are inexpensive, readily renewed and adapted to be used but a single time.

A further object is the provision of a heater ele- I ment moistened with a permanent waving lotion or fluid and adapted to be pressed intointimate contact with the wound tress of hair.

In accordance with one illustrative embodiment of the invention, the heating'device may be used with an apparatus comprising a pair of parti-cylindrical members adapted to surround and. be pressed together against the wound tress of hair, and means are preferably provided for securing a lotion saturated pad within the con.- cavity formed by said members so that it is pressed into intimate contact with the hair and insures eflicient application of heat and moisture to the wound tress. The heating element of the invention comprises an electrolytic heater in which the electric circuit is completed by the ionized hair waving lotion, so that all of the advantages of the electrolytic hair Waving process are fully realized. I.

Although the invention is shown in connection with the waving of hair wound in croquignole fashion, the invention is also applicable in some of its features to hair which is wound helically or from the roots towards the ends.

It will be understood that the foregoing general description and the following detailed description as well are exemplary and explanatory of the invention but are not restrictive thereof.

Referring now in detail to the illustrative embodiment of the invention as shown in the accompanying drawings, the heating pad or ele- "ment preferably comprises a sheet of relatively thin metal foil ID, a slightly larger sheet of moisture-absorbent material H, such as flannel or.

felt, and a sheet of perforate metal foil I2 which may be provided with a projecting terminal or tab I3 formed integrally with the sheet I2. If desired, one edge of the absorbent sheet may be folded over the edge of the foil I2 to provide an separate the perforate foil I2 from the hairto be waved, a sheet of thin paper, perforated in register with the foil I2 and secured thereto, may be provided on the side of the foil away from th absorbent material I I.

As is usual in the *croquignole waving of hair;

the hair is wound from the points to its roots on the curling rod or pin 20, and is clamped closely adjacent to the scalp between-'the'clamping members 2I and 22. The roller and clamp may be of the conventional or any desired form, and :11

need not be described in detail. The curling pin is preferably slightly longer thanthe sheetof absorbent material II, and the absorbent sheet II is preferably of sufficient width to extend from,

clamping member 22 around the wound tress of hair and to the clamping member 22, as shown in Figure 1 of the drawings.

Means are provided for pressing the curl heating pad into close contact with the wound tress of hair to be waved, and for maintaining it on the wound tress during the heating process. For this purpose, a clamp is provided which comprises a pair of parti-cylindrical members 25 and 26 formed of molded insulating material, pivoted together by means of a pivot pin 21, and pressed inwardly by means of springs 281 secured at their ends to members 25 and 26 by headed pins 29.

One of the members, 25, is provided with a handle portion 30 formed integrally therewith, and having suitable channels 3| through which wires 32 may be threaded. Channel 3| is provided with an enlarged portion 33 to receive the metal clamp 34 clamping the wires 32 together and serving to prevent any pull being transmitted beyond it to the ends of the wires. The small knob 35 is fastened, by suitable screws, to the upper portion of handle member 30.

Means are also provided for supplying power to the sheets of foil I0 and I2, and for this purpose a resilient contact member is embedded in a suitable recess in member 26, and is connected with one of the wires 32 by means of rivet 44 which also serves to secure the contact member in position to contact with the outer sheet of foil I0. For contacting with the terminal tab I3 formed integrally with the sheet of foil I2, a metallic sheet 45 is provided on the outer surface of member 25 and is secured thereto by rivets 46, also being connected to the other wire 32. Means are provided for pressing the terminal I3 into electrical contact with sheet 45, and for this purpose a finger 41 is pivotally mounted in lugs 48 projecting from member 25, by means of pivot pin 49, and is provided with a camming surface 50 adapted to cooperate with a resilient tongue 5| formed integrally with plate 45. Gaming surface 50 and tongue 5| cooperate to hold finger 4'! in the position shown in Figure 1, or in the position of Figure 3.

In use, the absorbent member II of the curl heating pad is moistened with a suitable amount of an electrolytically conducting lotion, and the curl-heating pad is then placed within the members 25 and 26 with tab I3 held against plate 45 by finger 41, the pad being shaped with the fingers so as to conform more or less to the shape of the inner surface of members 25 and 26. The clamping members 25 and 26 are then pushed over the wound tress of hair, spreading themselves apart slightly and finally pressing the edges of the heating pad together into the position shown by Figure 1. The current is then turned on, and passes between the sheets of 'foil I0 and I2 and through the electrolytically conducting hair waving lotion contained in the absorbent sheet II, the resistance to the passage of this current serving to heat the lotion and. thereby steam the curl. When the curl has been steamed for a sufiicient length of time, the current is shut off, the clamp and pad removed and the permanently waved hair may then be treated in the usual manner.

An improved modified form of electrolytic heating pad embodying the invention is shown in Fig. 5. 'In the manufacture of this fo h terminal tab or extension of the inner foil electrode is permanently folded over and held in place above the outer foil electrode so as to be in position for contacting. As embodied, the heating pad comprises a rectangular sheet or layer of moisture absorbent material I I I positioned between a perforate electrode sheet II2, preferably of thin metal foil, and an exterior electrode sheet III], also of metal foil, which is preferably nonpervious so as to act as a steam and moisture retaining seal or cover. As shown the rectangular electrode foils III] and H2 are preferably in register with the rectangular absorbent sheet I I I and slightly less in dimensions so that the edges of the absorbent sheet extend beyond the edges of the electrode sheets and thereby'guard against short circuiting.

In accordance with the invention the inner foil electrode 2 is provided with a tongue or tab I I 3 which extends from one longitudinal edge of sheet H2 and, as shown in Figs. 5 and 6, is bent around the longitudinal edges of sheets H0 and III to extend across and overlie the upper face of the outer foil sheets III]. By this construction side-by-side contacting surfaces of both the electrode-sheets are presented in substantially the same plane and within the areal limits of the absorbent sheet III. This construction not only facilitates the application of electrical contact terminals to the heating pad, but also causes any gripping and compressing action of contacting devices such as those shown in Figs. 1 to 3, for example, to be applied directly to the main body of the pad itself, whereby the electrolytic conductivity of the pad will be enhanced and made uniform and the contact of the lotion and vapor from the moisture retaining sheet I I I with the hair will be also increased.

Suitable means are provided for insulating the terminal tab I I3 from contact with the outer foil electrode I III and as shown comprises a rectangular strip I25 of paper, parchment, moisture-proof cellophane, or similar sheet material having suitable strength, lightness and dielectric qualities. As shown the strip I25 is folded around the rear longitudinal edge of the sheet I II and of the upper foil IIO to underlie thev sheet I I I for a small portion of its width at I26, thereby separating the terminal tongue II3 from any contact with the upper foil as it is bent over the longitudinal edges. As shown the strip I25 is somewhat wider than the inner foil 3 and also projects beyond the leading edge thereof so as to effectively guard against accidental short circuiting.

If desired, an additional sheet may be combined with the other plies of the pad to further guard against short circuits from contact with the hair curler or clamp or other metal elements of the apparatus, and also to protect the hair from direct contact with the electrode metal II2. As shown a sheet N8 'of thin paper, cellophane, parchment, or the like, perforated in register with the foil 2 and secured thereto, is provided on the inner or bottom face of the foil. The rectangular dimensions of sheet II8 are preferably slightly greater than that of any of the other sheets, thereby to further guard against accidental metal contact. For convenience in assembly and to strengthen the structure of the pad, the rear edge of the paper sheet II8 may extend considerably beyond the rear edge of the pad and be folded up and over to form a binding cover II9 along the upper rear portion of the pad. The assembled parts of the pad may be secured together by any suitable means such as stitching or stapling, but it has been found that an adhesive is a very convenient and simple binder for the parts. The adhesive may be applied along the entire under face of the flap H9 and along the rear longitudinal edge of the pad and beneath the inner foil H2 so as to secure the entire assembly in compact form. Preferably the strip I25 is similarly secured to the tab H3 and the insulating strip I25.

A second modified heating pad embodying the invention in somewhat simpler form is illustrated in Figs. 8, 9 and 10. As shown a rectangular absorbent sheet 2| l is positioned between the outer electrode 2 I 0 and the innerperforate electrode 2 l 2 as will be clear from the drawings and previous description. The contact terminal for the inner foil 2l2 constitutes a simple extension 2l3 of the rectangular sheet M2 for the full width thereof. Said extension H3 is bent up and over one end edge of the absorbent sheet 2| I to overlie the absorbent sheet and outer electrode 2H) as shown. An insulating sheet of paper or the like 2 l 8, similar to the sheet H8, is perforated and underlies the bottom surface of the perforate sheet 2l2. Said sheet H8 is preferably rectangular and somewhat larger than the other sheets. To provide insulating means between the terminal tab 213 and the outer electrode 2l0, a rectangular extension 2l9 of the paper 2l8 is folded over the rear edges of the assembled sheets to underlie the terminal extension 2I3 as shown. Thus the right hand portion of the outer foil 2 I0 is exposed for contacting, while fully protected from the inner foil by the member 2l9. The parts may be secured together by adhesive or otherwise as hereinbefore described.

The application and use of the hereinbefore described heating pad is illustrated in Fig. 10. The pad of Figs. 8 and 9 is shown applied to a tres wound on the croquignole curler 20. The absorbent sheet 2 may be moistened with a suitable electrolytically conducting hair waving lotion. The hair itself, as is common with croquignole waving, may also be moistened with the same lotion, or if desired, the hair waving lotion may be applied to the hair alone, while the heating pad may contain a heating electrolyte which is not necessarily capable of waving hair itself. In such case, if desired, the inner foil electrode 2I2 may be non-perforate. Means for making the positive and negative contacts to the respective electrodes are diagrammatically indicated in Fig. 10 by the low voltage leads A and B. It will be understood that any suitable form of contacting devices may be utilized, preferably in combination with some means for gripping and pressing the heating pad around and against the curl. Suitable means in addition to those illustrated in Figs. 1 to 3 hereof are to be found in the patent to Darby No. 2,036,461.

The invention in its broader aspects is not limited to the specific mechanisms shown and described but departures may be made therefrom Within the scope of the accompanying claims without departing from the principles of the inventio and without sacrificing its chief advantages.

What we claim is:--

1. An electrolytic heating pad for permanent waving including in combination an absorbent sheet having outer and inner electrodes contacting opposite faces thereof, an insulating sheet overlying the inner electrode on the face opposite to that contacting the absorbent sheet, a portion of said insulating sheet being carried around to overlie a portion of the outer electrode, and a terminal member extending from the inner electrode to overlie the outer electrode with said portion of the insulating sheet lying therebetween.

2. A heating apparatus for permanent waving especially adapted for croquignole curls, including in combination, a clamp for gripping a flat strand of hair adjacent to the scalp, a curler positionable on the clamp for supporting a wound strand substantially parallel to the scalp, an electrolytic heating pad comprising an absorbent sheet with pliable electrode sheets contacting opposite faces thereof, said pad being adapted to overlie and encompass the portion of the curler and strand above the clamp, a terminal member extending from the electrode sheet adjacent to the curl to overlie the exterior electrode, insulating means overlying the outer electrode and underlying said terminal member to prevent contact therebetween, means for holding the elements of the pad in close engagement with each other and around the curl and contact members for supplying current to the outer electrode and said terminal member from the exterior surface of the pad.

3. A heating apparatus for permanent waving especially adapted for croquignole curls, including in combination, a clamp for gripping a flat strand of hair adjacent to the scalp, a curler positionable on the clamp for supporting a wound strand substantially parallel to the scalp, an electrolytic heating pad comprising an absorbent sheet with pliable electrode sheets contacting opposite faces thereof, said pad being adapted to overlie and encompass the portion of the curler and strand above the clamp, a terminal member extending from the electrode sheet adjacent to the curl to overlie the exterior electrode, insulating means overlying the outer electrode and underlying said terminal member to prevent contact therebetween, means for insulating the electrodes from electrical contact with the curler and clamp, means for holding the elements of the pad in close engagement with each other and around the curl and contact members for supplying current to the outer electrode and said terminal member from the exterior surface of the pad.

4. A heating apparatus for permanent waving especially adapted for croquignole curls, including in combination, a clamp for gripping a flat strand of hair adjacent to the scalp, a curler positionable on the clamp for supporting a wound strand substantially parallel to the scalp, an electrolytic heating pad comprising an absorbent sheet with pliable electrode sheets contacting opposite faces thereof, said pad being adapted to overlie and encompass the portion of the curler and strand above the clamp, a terminal member extending from the electrode sheet adjacent to the curl to overlie the exterior electrode, insulating means overlying the outer electrode and underlying said terminal member to prevent contact therebetween, resilient gripping contacts for exteriorly engaging said terminal member and an exposed portion of the outer electrode to supply current thereto and to compressively hold the elements of the pad in conforming engagement with each other and around the curled tress above the clamp.

HOBART N. DURHAM. GEORGE B. FINNEGAN, JR. 

